Jun 13 / DR. JASON AMPEL

TExES ESL (154) Overview: Strategies, Examples,s and How to Pass in 2025

As Texas classrooms grow more linguistically diverse, there’s an increasing need for educators who can effectively support English language learners (ELLs).  The TExES ESL (154) exam ensures that teachers have the training and expertise to foster academic success for these students. To understand its significance and how it fits into the certification process, let’s start with an overview of what the TExES ESL (154) exam entails.

What Is the TExES ESL (154) Exam?

As the population of English language learners (ELLs) in Texas classrooms continues to grow, so does the need for qualified educators equipped to meet their unique linguistic and academic needs. The TExES ESL (154) exam serves as a critical certification tool for teachers who plan to provide English as a Second Language instruction in Texas public schools.

Purpose of the Exam

The TExES ESL (154), officially known as the Texas Examinations of Educator Standards English as a Second Language Supplemental exam, evaluates whether candidates possess the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively support ELLs. The test focuses on three core areas: language acquisition, ESL instruction and assessment, and the cultural and community context of ESL education.

This exam is grounded in the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) and national standards for English language development. Its goal is to ensure educators are prepared to deliver high-quality, culturally responsive, and linguistically appropriate instruction to ELLs across all content areas.

Who Needs to Take It

The TExES ESL (154) is intended for certified teachers who wish to add an ESL Supplemental certification to their existing Texas teaching certificate. This includes:

  •    Elementary generalist teachers who expect to work with ELLs
  •    Secondary teachers seeking to support language learners in their subject areas
  •    Special education teachers, bilingual educators, and reading specialists

Adding this certification allows teachers to more effectively meet the instructional needs of English learners, regardless of the primary content area they teach.

Connection to ESL Teaching Standards and Student Population

Texas is home to one of the largest ELL populations in the United States. According to the Texas Education Agency (TEA), over 1 million students in Texas public schools are identified as English learners. This demographic shift demands that teachers be well-versed in language development and instructional strategies that align with English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS).

The TExES ESL (154) exam is closely aligned with these state standards, as well as national ESL frameworks. Teachers who pass this exam demonstrate an understanding of the cognitive, linguistic, and cultural dimensions of second language acquisition, ensuring equitable access to learning for all students.

Do I Need to Take the TExES ESL (154)?

If you’re a current or aspiring Texas educator wondering whether the TExES ESL (154) exam is required for you, you’re not alone. Because ESL instruction is woven into nearly every aspect of today’s classrooms, many teachers choose—or are required—to earn this certification.

Certification Requirements in Texas

The ESL Supplemental certification is not a standalone teaching certificate. Instead, it is an additional credential that must be paired with an existing Texas teaching certificate. To earn it, candidates must:

  •    Hold a valid Texas Standard Teaching Certificate
  •    Pass the TExES ESL Supplemental (154) exam
  •    Complete all requirements set by the Texas Education Agency (TEA)


It’s a common path for teachers who work in schools with a high number of English learners or districts that emphasize language equity.

Who Is Required to Take It

While not every teacher is legally required to take the exam, many are strongly encouraged—or mandated—by their districts to do so. Those who commonly pursue ESL certification include:

  •    EC–6 Core Subjects or Generalist teachers
  •    4–8 Core Subjects teachers
  •    High school content-area teachers (especially English, Social Studies, and Science)
  •    Special education teachers
  •    Bilingual teachers transitioning into monolingual ESL settings


In some cases, school administrators or hiring committees will request that applicants either hold or commit to earning the ESL Supplemental to be considered for teaching positions.

Grade Levels the Certification Applies To

The TExES ESL (154) certification applies to all grade levels (EC–12) and is considered a "supplemental" certification. This means that no matter what subject or grade level a teacher is certified in, the ESL certification supplements that credential, allowing the teacher to provide ESL services.

Reference to Texas Education Agency (TEA) Guidelines

The TEA outlines all requirements and guidelines for certification, including the ESL Supplemental exam, on their official website. Educators are encouraged to consult the TEA Certification Program and the Educator Testing page for the most up-to-date details on eligibility, test registration, and preparation support.

Breakdown of Exam Content Domains

The TExES ESL (154) exam is structured around three key domains, each representing essential knowledge and skills for supporting English learners in Texas classrooms. Understanding what each domain covers is crucial for building an effective study plan and feeling confident on test day.

Domain I: Language Concepts and Language Acquisition

This domain focuses on the foundational knowledge of how English learners acquire language. Teachers must understand second language acquisition theories and how these inform instruction.

Key topics include:

  •    Theories of second language acquisition, such as Krashen’s Monitor Model, Cummins' BICS and CALP distinction, and the role of comprehensible input.
  •    The interrelationship of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, and how integrating all four modalities supports language development.
  •    Factors affecting language acquisition, including age, prior education, first language proficiency, cultural background, and affective factors like motivation and anxiety.


This domain prepares teachers to recognize that language learning is not linear and requires a strategic, evidence-based approach tailored to each student’s developmental stage.

Domain II: ESL Instruction and Assessment

This domain evaluates your ability to plan, deliver, and assess effective ESL instruction. It reflects the practical, day-to-day responsibilities of an ESL teacher.

Key topics include:

  •    Instructional practices that support language acquisition, including scaffolding, use of visuals, and contextualized vocabulary instruction.
  •    Differentiation strategies, such as modifying tasks based on language proficiency levels, using leveled texts, and incorporating students’ cultural backgrounds.
  •    Formal and informal assessment tools, including formative assessments, language proficiency tests (e.g., TELPAS), running records, and how to interpret and use results to guide instruction.


Understanding this domain ensures that teachers can create supportive environments where all students, regardless of language proficiency, can thrive academically.

Domain III: Foundations of ESL Education, Cultural Awareness, and Family & Community Involvement

The final domain assesses your understanding of the broader context of ESL education—from historical shifts to modern family engagement strategies.

Key topics include:

  •    Historical and theoretical foundations of ESL education, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Lau v. Nichols, and No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and how these shape today’s policies.
  •    The role of culture in learning, including the importance of cultural identity, addressing bias, and incorporating students’ cultural backgrounds into instruction.
  •    Building partnerships with families and communities, including strategies for effective communication with parents who are not fluent in English and encouraging culturally inclusive family engagement.

This domain reinforces the idea that ESL teaching extends beyond academics, involving advocacy, equity, and community collaboration.

Sample TExES ESL (154) Practice Questions

Practice questions are a great way to prepare for the TExES ESL exam. Below are sample items aligned with each of the three domains, followed by brief explanations of the correct answers.

Domain I Sample Question:

Which of the following best describes comprehensible input as it relates to second language acquisition?

a.   Language that includes only high-frequency vocabulary
b.   Speech that is slightly above the learner’s current proficiency level
c.   Direct grammar instruction in the target language
d.   Reading tasks that are independent of oral language skills

Correct answer: b. Comprehensible input is language that is just beyond the learner’s current level but understandable with support. It's a core idea in Krashen’s theory.

Domain II Sample Question:

A teacher groups ELs by proficiency level and uses sentence frames to support their writing. This approach best represents:

a.   Behaviorist instruction
b.   Tiered vocabulary intervention
c.   Differentiated instruction
d.   Language immersion

Correct answer: c.
Grouping by language level and using scaffolds like sentence frames are examples of differentiated instruction.

Domain III Sample Question:

Which strategy is most effective for engaging families from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds?

a.   Sending home weekly English newsletters
b.   Hosting mandatory in-person meetings for all parents
c.   Using bilingual liaisons or translators for communication
d.   Requiring students to serve as interpreters

Correct answer: c.
Using bilingual liaisons ensures accurate and respectful communication, strengthening trust and family involvement.

TExES ESL (154) Test Administration Details

Knowing the logistics of test day helps reduce stress and ensures a smooth experience. Here’s what you need to know to get registered and be ready when the time comes.

How to Register

Registration is handled through the Texas Educator Certification Examination Program, managed by Pearson. You can register and access prep materials by visiting: https://www.tx.nesinc.com

Once registered, you’ll select a test date and location or choose an online proctoring option if eligible.

Cost of the Exam

As of 2024, the TExES ESL (154) exam costs $116. Payment is made during the online registration process via credit or debit card. Always check for the most up-to-date fee schedule on the Pearson website.

Testing Centers or Remote Proctoring Options

Candidates can take the test:

  •    At an approved Pearson VUE testing center
  •    Online at home through a secure, proctored environment (note: this requires meeting specific technical and privacy requirements)


Not all candidates are eligible for remote testing, so be sure to verify your eligibility during registration.

What to Bring on Exam Day

When you arrive at your testing center (or log in for a remote test), you’ll need:

  •    A valid, government-issued photo ID
  •    Your registration confirmation


Personal items like cell phones, bags, and even jackets may be prohibited in the testing area. Check the Pearson VUE policies beforehand to avoid surprises.

Arrival Time and ID Requirements

Plan to arrive at least 30 minutes early to your scheduled test time. This allows for check-in, verification of ID, and time to get settled. If you’re testing remotely, log in early to complete a system check and resolve any tech issues.

Preparation Tips and Study Strategies

Studying for the TExES ESL (154) doesn’t have to feel overwhelming. With the right tools, a clear plan, and a few supportive strategies, you can prepare with confidence and focus.

Select Study Resources

Start by gathering study materials that are tailored specifically to the TExES ESL (154) exam. While general ESL theory is helpful, you’ll want resources aligned to the actual domains and competencies tested.

Recommended resources include:

  •    The official TExES ESL (154) preparation manual from ETS
  •    Flashcards for second language acquisition theories and vocabulary strategies
  •    Practice question banks and full-length tests
  •    Study guides or books aligned to the ELPS and TEKS

If you’re looking for a comprehensive, guided approach, The Learning Liaisons offers an excellent online prep course specifically for the ESL (154) exam. Their engaging videos, webinars, practice quizzes, and live support have helped thousands of educators pass their certification exams the first time. It’s a great resource for educators who want both structure and expert instruction.

Create a Study Plan

Consistency is key. Create a study schedule that fits your lifestyle while still allowing you to cover all the exam content areas. Ideally, give yourself 4 to 6 weeks to prepare thoroughly.

Tips for building a study plan:

  •    Assess your weekly availability and block off focused study times
  •    Set weekly goals (e.g., complete Domain I content by end of Week 1)
  •    Use a variety of study methods: reading, practice tests, flashcards, and video lessons
  •    Track your progress and be willing to adjust your plan based on strengths and weaknesses


Remember, studying for an exam is like training for a race—you’ll get better results with regular practice over time rather than cramming at the last minute.

Take Practice Tests

One of the best ways to prepare is by taking full-length practice exams under timed conditions. These simulations help you build stamina, get used to the pacing, and identify any weak spots in your content knowledge.

Practice tests also reduce test anxiety because they make the format and structure feel familiar. After taking each practice test, review your answers—both right and wrong—to understand how the exam frames its questions and what types of reasoning are required.

Stress Management Tips

Test prep isn’t just about content—it’s also about mindset. High-stakes exams can create anxiety, especially if you haven’t tested in a while.

To keep stress in check:

  •     Prioritize sleep in the days leading up to the exam
  •    Eat balanced meals to keep your brain sharp
  •    Avoid last-minute cramming—trust your preparation
  •   Practice deep breathing or grounding techniques to stay calm
  •   Take short breaks during study sessions to avoid burnout


Even a short daily walk or a few minutes of mindfulness can significantly reduce stress and improve focus.

Test Day Strategies

On test day, it’s all about staying calm, pacing yourself, and using the strategies you practiced.

Tips for success:

  •    Read each question carefully—don’t rush or skim
  •    Skip and return to difficult questions rather than getting stuck
  •    Manage your time—aim for 1 minute per question on average
  •    Use the process of elimination to narrow down answer choices
  •    Keep your focus by taking a few deep breaths between sections


Go into the exam with the mindset that you’re prepared—and that any tough question is just one of many. Don’t let one item shake your confidence.

Scoring and Results

The TExES ESL (154) is scored on a scale of 100 to 300, with 240 as the minimum passing score. While individual questions are not weighted equally, your final score reflects your performance across all domains.

When and how you receive your score depends on your test date and testing method:

  •    Scores are typically available within 7–10 business days
  •    You’ll receive a detailed score report through your Texas Educator Certification account


If you don’t pass the exam on your first attempt, you may retake it after 30 days, provided testing slots are available. Use your score report to focus your next round of studying.

Becoming ESL-certified through the TExES ESL (154) is a meaningful step in your journey as an educator. This certification equips you to better support English learners and opens doors to more diverse teaching roles in Texas schools.

With a thoughtful study plan, reliable resources like The Learning Liaisons, and a calm, focused mindset, passing the exam is entirely within reach.

You’ve got this—and you don’t have to do it alone.

Additional Resources

  •    ETS TExES ESL (154) Preparation Manual
  •    Texas Education Agency Certification Guidelines
  •    The Learning Liaisons ESL 154 Prep Course
  •    Study communities on Reddit, Facebook, or teacher prep forums